Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42465382›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

GBZ-base and GAF-base: Indexed pangenome file formats.

Jouni Sirén, Benedict Paten, Human Pangenome Reference Consortium

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jouni SirénGenomics Institute, UC Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, 95064, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5828-4139
Benedict PatenGenomics Institute, UC Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, 95064, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8863-3539
Human Pangenome Reference Consortium

Funding

The WashU-UCSC-EBI Human Genome Reference Center."U41HG010972 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ira M Hall, Heng Li · 2019 to 2026
$24.9M
ELSI Administrative Supplement - Center for Human Reference Genome DiversityU01HG010971 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI EICHLER, EVAN, JARVIS, ERICH D · 2019 to 2023
$18.4M
Telomere-to-telomere assemblies of human genomesR01HG011274 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI Karen Hayden Miga · 2020 to 2026
$4.5M
The construction and utility of reference pan-genome graphsU01HG010961 · NHGRI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI LI, HENG, PATEN, BENEDICT · 2020 to 2023
$3.2M
Tools for comprehensive variant characterization using the pangenomeU01HG013748 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI LI, HENG, MARSCHALL, TOBIAS · 2024 to 2024
$1.7M
Building Tools and Community to Make Pangenomes AccessibleU01HG013760 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR · PI GARRISON, ERIK · 2024 to 2024
$1.6M
Tooling for accurately studying the epigenome along the human pangenome referenceU01HG013744 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI STERGACHIS, ANDREW BEN · 2024 to 2024
$1.4M
Integrating the reference pangenome with biobank-scale data for complex trait analysisU01HG013755 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GYMREK, MELISSA · 2024 to 2024
$1.3M
New methods for studying thousands of complete human and vertebrate genomesR01HG014490 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI Benedict Paten, Yatish Turakhia · 2025 to 2026
$1.2M
Pangenome-Aware Methods for Accurate Somatic Variant Discovery in Cancer GenomicsU01CA309342 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI Benedict Paten · 2026 to 2026
$594k
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA309342NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG011274NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG014490NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG010961NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG010971NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG013744NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG013748NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG013755NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG013760NHGRI NIH HHS U41 HG010972
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Motivation: Existing pangenome file formats are designed for batch processing. Graphs must be loaded into memory, and alignment files must be read sequentially. Indexed file formats that can be used directly from disk would be more appropriate for interactive applications. Results: We propose GBZ-base and GAF-base - SQLite-backed file formats comparable to GBZ and GAF. GBZ-base supports efficient extraction of local subgraphs, and GAF-base lets us extract all alignments to the subgraph. Additionally, GAF-base is smaller than any other file format for sequence-to-graph alignments. Availability and implementation: From https://github.com/jltsiren/gbz-base and https://crates.io/crates/gbz-base under the MIT license.

Identifiers

PMID42465382
PMCPMC13370461

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.