ArticleAmerican journal of cancer research2026
Kang Ru Plus reverses osimertinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma via suppression of EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling.
Article in American journal of cancer research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAcquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as osimertinib remains a major challenge in the treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Multi-component natural product therapies may provide complementary strategies capable of modulating multiple signaling pathways involved in therapeutic resistance. This study investigated the pharmacological activity of Kang Ru Plus (KR-Plus), a multi-herb formulation, and evaluated its ability to enhance sensitivity to osimertinib in resistant lung adenocarcinoma models.
methodsThe anti-proliferative and chemosensitizing effects of KR-Plus were assessed in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cells and osimertinib-resistant derivatives using MTT assays, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. Phytochemical composition was characterized by UHPLC-QTOF-MS-based metabolite profiling. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were performed to predict potential targets and pathways. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in H1975-OSR xenograft mouse models.
resultsKR-Plus inhibited cell proliferation across multiple cancer cell lines and significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of osimertinib in resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mechanistically, KR-Plus reduced EGFR phosphorylation and suppressed downstream PI3K/AKT, ERK, and mTOR signaling, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Metabolite profiling identified several flavonoids and phenolic compounds with predicted interactions within EGFR-associated signaling networks. In xenograft models, combined treatment with KR-Plus and osimertinib markedly suppressed tumor growth and improved survival without evident systemic toxicity.
conclusionKR-Plus exerts multi-target effects that disrupt EGFR-driven survival signaling and enhance responsiveness to osimertinib in resistant lung adenocarcinoma models. These findings support the potential of polyherbal formulations as complementary strategies to overcome resistance to targeted therapies.
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