Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42464281›Full record

ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2026

Sequential Talaromyces marneffei and Legionella pneumophila infections leading to the diagnosis of anti-interferon-γ autoantibody-associated immunodeficiency: a case report.

MingJing Yu, YuLing Xiao, Ya Liu, ZhongHao Wang, Haixia Zhou, YongJiang Tang

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

MingJing YuDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
YuLing XiaoDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ya LiuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
ZhongHao WangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Haixia Zhou *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. zhouhaixia@wchscu.cn.
YongJiang Tang *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. lauler@163.com.

Funding

Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province-International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project 2024YFHZ0273
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOpportunistic infections caused by uncommon intracellular pathogens can serve as important clues to underlying immune dysfunction. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 57-year-old male who presented with chronic cough, dyspnea, fever, and weight loss. Chest imaging revealed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, mimicking tuberculosis or lymphoma. Despite empirical anti-tuberculosis and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, his condition deteriorated. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and culture confirmed Talaromyces marneffei infection. During antifungal therapy, he developed Legionella pneumophila pneumonia-an unusual sequential infection that raised suspicion of an immune defect. Comprehensive immunological evaluation revealed anti-interferon-γ (anti-IFN-γ) autoantibodies, supporting the diagnosis of AIGA-associated immunodeficiency. The patient had also shown repeatedly indeterminate interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) results, retrospectively suggesting impairment of the IFN-γ pathway.

conclusionsThis case illustrates that recurrent or sequential infections with intracellular pathogens, particularly Talaromyces marneffei and Legionella pneumophila, should prompt evaluation for cell-mediated immunodeficiency such as AIGA syndrome. Early recognition may facilitate tailored antimicrobial therapy, immunological follow-up, and consideration of immunomodulatory treatment in selected patients.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesImmunologic Deficiency SyndromesInterferon-gammaLegionnaires' DiseaseMycosesOpportunistic InfectionsTalaromycesHumansLegionella pneumophilaMaleMiddle AgedAutoantibodiesInterferon-gammaAnti–IFN-γ autoantibodyImmunodeficiencyLegionella pneumophilaTalaromyces marneffei

Identifiers

PMID42464281
PMCPMC13656615

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