ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Design and immunoinformatics characterization of a novel multi-epitope vaccine rPRRSV-35N targeting NADC30-like and NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variants.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the genetically diverse porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), remains a major economic burden to the global swine industry. Current commercial vaccines, including modified live virus (MLV) and inactivated vaccines, have shown limited effectiveness against newly emerging PRRSV variants, particularly NADC30-like and NADC34-like strains. There is therefore a need for improved vaccine strategies targeting these circulating strains. In this study, we used immunoinformatics approaches to design a multi-epitope vaccine candidate, rPRRSV-35N, against PRRSV NADC30-like and NADC34-like strains, based on antigenic profiling and prediction of T- and B-cell epitopes.
resultsThis multi-epitope vaccine candidate integrates six cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, three helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes, and seven linear B-cell epitopes (LBE). The epitopes were linked sequentially by flexible linkers. Porcine β-defensin-2 (PBD-2) and PADRE epitopes were incorporated to potentially improve immunogenicity. In silico prediction showed an antigenicity score of 0.6597 and a solubility probability of 0.530. It showed no toxicity or allergenicity, with a molecular weight of 36.64 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 9.81. Molecular docking and normal mode analysis indicated stable interactions with TLR2 and TLR4 receptors. Immunoinformatics simulations further revealed that the candidate has the potential to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. The construct was designed for in silico cloning into pET28a(+), and the plasmid was commercially synthesized. Following transformation of the synthetic plasmid into E. coli BL21(DE3), protein expression was verified by Western blot analysis.
conclusionsThis study constructed the multi-epitope vaccine candidate rPRRSV-35N targeting NADC30-like and NADC34-like PRRSV strains. Its expressibility was preliminarily verified via molecular cloning and protein expression assays. Further in vivo studies are required to assess its protective efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.