Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42464204›Full record

SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026

Association of triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio with pregnancy-related risks: a meta-analysis.

Eram Yousif, Malaz A I Abdalla, Omer A Abdelrahman, Mohamed A M Abdulrahim, Khalefa Alzubeir, Elmudathir Abdelrahman, Ibrahim Elhagelbashir, Mohamed A S Abdelrahim, Omnia Haboura, Trteel Elsadiq Ali and 5 more

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Eram Yousif *St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.
Malaz A I Abdalla *St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.
Omer A AbdelrahmanFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Alqasr Avenue, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mohamed A M AbdulrahimFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Alqasr Avenue, Khartoum, Sudan.
Khalefa AlzubeirFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Alqasr Avenue, Khartoum, Sudan.
Elmudathir AbdelrahmanNewcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Ibrahim ElhagelbashirFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Alqasr Avenue, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mohamed A S AbdelrahimSt. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.
Omnia HabouraSt. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.
Trteel Elsadiq AliUniversity of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Khadeja F AbdallahUniversity of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan.
Abubakar ElKabashiOmdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
Abdelmoiz El A MohamedUniversity of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Rayan HimaFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Alqasr Avenue, Khartoum, Sudan.
Sagad O O MohamedFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Alqasr Avenue, Khartoum, Sudan. s.oom123@yahoo.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-2397

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInsulin resistance has a role in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Both triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio have been considered as indicators of insulin resistance. However, existing studies evaluating their association with pregnancy complications have reported inconsistent findings. This systematic review sought to measure the link between these markers and the risk of unfavorable pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.

methodsThe systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines for methodology and reporting. Systematic searches were conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ProQuest in March 2026. The relations between the TyG index, TG/HDL, and adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using R version 4.3.2.

resultsA total of 23 studies comprising more than 180,000 participants were included. Elevated TyG index was associated with several adverse pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.41-4.24), preeclampsia (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 2.00-3.65), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.60-2.90), preterm birth (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.90), and large for gestational age (LGA) (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.18-4.46). Similarly, an elevated TG/HDL ratio was associated with an increased risk of GDM (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.30-3.14) and LGA (OR = 4.38, 95% CI: 2.09-9.18).

conclusionElevated TyG index and TG/HDL ratio are related to a greater risk of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. These findings suggest that the TyG index and TG/HDL ratio may serve as adjunctive risk markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes, although further validation is needed before clinical application.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCholesterol, HDLPregnancy ComplicationsTriglyceridesBiomarkersFemaleHumansInfant, Large for Gestational AgeInsulin ResistancePregnancyPregnancy OutcomeRisk FactorsBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCholesterol, HDLTriglyceridesBiomarkersInsulin resistanceMeta-analysisPregnancy outcomesSystematic reviewTG/HDL ratioTyG index

Identifiers

PMID42464204
PMCPMC13656690

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.