ArticleBMC geriatrics2026
Social networks and intergenerational support among rural left-behind older adults in China: a latent profile analysis.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to identify latent classes of social networks among rural left-behind older adults in China, examine their influencing factors, and explore their associations with different dimensions of intergenerational support.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in July-August 2022 across seven counties in Anhui Province, China, using village-based convenience sampling combined with a random-walk household procedure, using a general information questionnaire, the Lubben Social Network Scale, and an intergenerational support scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified network types; multinomial logistic regression examined covariate predictors; and ordinal models including quadratic terms characterized the associations of intergenerational support dimensions with network type, with inflection-point estimation and sensitivity analyses.
resultsLPA revealed three distinct social network profiles: Family-Friend Weak-Tie (56.5%), Family-Friend Moderate-Maintenance (31.3%), and Family-Friend Stable -Active (12.3%). Age, primary economic source, social participation, vision impairment, and intergenerational support were significant influencing factors (all p < 0.05). Emotional support was consistently and positively associated with network level (β = 0.312, p < 0.001), whereas financial support showed a significant inverted-U association (linear β = 1.07, p = 0.002; quadratic β = - 0.105, p = 0.003), with an inflection point at a financial support score of 5.11; instrumental care(daily care) showed no significant association. The inverted-U pattern was robust across sensitivity analyses.
conclusionThe social networks of rural left-behind older adults in China are heterogeneous, with over half characterized by weak ties and a high prevalence of social isolation. Dimensions of intergenerational support are differentially associated with network type: emotional support is consistently positive, financial support follows an inverted-U pattern (suggesting moderate rather than maximal support), and instrumental care shows no significant association. Interventions should prioritize the weak-tie subgroup, emphasize emotional connection, and promote moderate levels of financial support.
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