Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42463664›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

The U1 snRNP protein U1C and Helix H of U1 snRNA are critical for small molecule splicing modulator function.

Zhiling Kuang, Brian Kosmyna, Xueni Li, Zhichao Tang, Shasha Shi, Karoline Lambert, Wenzheng Zhang, Joseph Giovinazzo, Kerstin A Effenberger, Jairo Sierra and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Depleting prion protein using splice-switching small molecules.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Zhiling Kuang *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Brian Kosmyna *PTC Therapeutics Inc., Warren, NJ, USA.
Xueni LiDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Zhichao TangSection of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Shasha ShiDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-509X
Karoline LambertDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Wenzheng ZhangDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Joseph GiovinazzoDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Kerstin A EffenbergerPTC Therapeutics Inc., Warren, NJ, USA.
Jairo SierraPTC Therapeutics Inc., Warren, NJ, USA.
Lanqing YingPTC Therapeutics Inc., Warren, NJ, USA.
Scott J BarrazaPTC Therapeutics Inc., Warren, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-1780
Wencheng LiPTC Therapeutics Inc., Warren, NJ, USA.
Jingxin WangSection of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Christopher R TrottaPTC Therapeutics Inc., Warren, NJ, USA. ctrotta@ptcbio.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-0133
Rui ZhaoDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. rui.zhao@cuanschutz.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0045-2974

Funding

The molecular mechanism of pre-mRNA splicingR35GM145289 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI RUI ZHAO · 2022 to 2026
$4.3M
Modulating gene expression by RNA-targeting chimerasR35GM147498 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE · PI Jingxin Wang · 2022 to 2026
$2.1M
Understanding small molecule modulation of splicing for Huntington's disease therapyR21NS142950 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI RUI ZHAO · 2025 to 2026
$429k
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM145289NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM147498NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS142950U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) R35GM145289U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) R35GM147498U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) R21NS142950
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Risdiplam and branaplam represent two classes of small-molecule splicing modulators that promote U1 snRNP recognition of weak non-canonical GA/GU-containing 5' splice sites (ss). We demonstrate that branaplam enhances recognition of these 5' ss by reconstituted U1 snRNP in vitro, and that this effect depends on the ZnF domain of U1C and Helix H of U1 snRNA, but not U1A or U1-70K. We also demonstrate that branaplam enhances the weak 5' ss recognition through a dual act of strengthening the U1 snRNP-5' ss interaction and U1 snRNP-U1C interaction. In cells, depletion of U1C reduces or abolishes compound-induced exon inclusion for most cassette exons. Interestingly, a subset of cassette exons become responsive to compound only upon U1C knockdown, supporting a model in which U1C stabilizes specific conformations at the 5' ss-U1 snRNA interface in a context-dependent manner that can either facilitate or hinder compound binding. Surprisingly, risdiplam shows no effect on weak 5' ss recognition in vitro, suggesting additional cellular factors are required for its activity.

Indexed as

Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small NuclearRNA, Small NuclearRNA SplicingExonsHeLa CellsHumansProtein BindingRNA Splice SitesRibonucleoprotein, U1 Small NuclearRNA, Small NuclearRNA Splice SitesU1 small nuclear RNA

Identifiers

PMID42463664
PMCPMC13500670

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.