ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026
Evaluating the Role of Language Preference in the Association between Mental Health Symptoms and Self-Rated Health Among U.S. Latino Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Pooled Data from the 2019 and 2022 National Health Interview Surveys.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study examined whether the relationship between mental health symptoms and self-rated health (SRH) among Latino adults varies by interview language, a key marker of cultural orientation. Data came from 6,768 Latino adult respondents in the 2019 and 2022 National Health Interview Survey. SRH, anxiety (GAD [General Anxiety Disorder]-7), and depression (PHQ [Personal Health Questionnaire]-8) were assessed, with interview language (English vs. Spanish) used as a proxy for acculturation. Weighted proportional odds ordinal logistic regression models tested associations between anxiety, depression, and SRH, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. Older age (65 + years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.05-5.90), less than a high school education (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.62-2.33), poverty (≤ 99% federal poverty level: aOR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.27-1.77), and Spanish interview language (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.25-1.71) were associated with poorer SRH, while foreign nativity was associated with lower odds of poorer SRH (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.89). Anxiety and depressive symptoms were strongly associated with poorer SRH, with severe depression showing the strongest association (aOR = 4.89, 95% CI: 3.27-7.31). Associations between mental health symptoms and SRH differed by interview language, with stronger predicted probabilities of poor SRH observed among Spanish-speaking respondents at higher symptom levels. Findings underscore the importance of culturally and linguistically responsive mental health care and research that incorporates language context in the assessment of health perceptions among Latino adults.
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