Fungal Infections in Disorders of Inborn Errors of Immunity.

Manpreet Dhaliwal, Vaishali Thakur, Adilia Warris, Gordon D Brown, Rakesh Kumar Pilania, Ivy M Dambuza

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Manpreet DhaliwalPediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Vaishali ThakurPediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Adilia WarrisMRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.

Gordon D BrownMRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.

Rakesh Kumar PilaniaPediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. pilania.rk@pgimer.edu.in.

Ivy M DambuzaMRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK. i.dambuza@qub.ac.uk.

Funding

Wellcome Trust

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging infectious threats continually challenge the adaptability of the human immune system. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) provide a unique framework to dissect host-pathogen interactions, revealing how single-gene defects uncover critical pathways in antifungal defence. This review offers an overview of fungal immunity through the lens of IEIs, and integrates recent advances in innate fungal recognition, neutrophil and mononuclear phagocyte effector mechanisms, CARD9/NF-kB signalling, IL-17/IL-23 and IL-12/IFN-gamma cytokine axes, and transcription-factor defects that shape susceptibility to Candida, Aspergillus, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus, dimorphic fungi and other moulds. We also discuss acquired phenocopies mediated by anti-cytokine autoantibodies, translate these mechanisms into clinical red flags and diagnostic algorithms, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies. Finally, we highlight how genetically defined IEIs can be used to study fungal-bacterial, fungal-mycobacterial and fungal-viral co-infections, revealing the hierarchy and plasticity of host defence in health and disease.

Indexed as

FungiGenetic Diseases, InbornMycosesAnimalsCytokinesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansImmunity, InnateSignal TransductionCytokinesAntifungal immunityAspergillosisChronic mucocutaneous candidiasisEndemic mycosesGenetic susceptibilityInborn errors of immunityInvasive fungal infectionsOpportunistic mycosesPrimary immunodeficiency diseases

Identifiers

PMID42461459

DOI10.1007/s12016-026-09182-2

PMCPMC13375957

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.