ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2026
Associations of habitual coffee intake with testosterone and cardiometabolic markers: the Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCoffee is a widely consumed source of bioactive compounds globally, yet its associations with circulating metabolites, sex hormones, and cardiometabolic markers remain incompletely characterised. We investigated these associations in a large population-based cohort, with particular attention to sex-specific hormonal profiles and metabolomic signatures.
methodsCross-sectional data from 2,264 participants (47% men) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) at age 46 were analysed using sex-stratified Spearman correlations and multivariable linear regression models adjusted for BMI, educational attainment, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol intake.
resultsHigher coffee intake groups showed lower total and visceral fat and higher skeletal muscle mass, while BMI was comparable across groups. Inverse correlations were observed between coffee intake and circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in both sexes. In men, higher coffee intake correlated with a more favourable glucose-insulin profile. Multivariable-adjusted models revealed a distinct hormonal pattern: positive associations with total testosterone (β = +0.29 nmol/L per cup/day), bioavailable testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), alongside inverse associations with free testosterone and the free androgen index (FAI). In women, hormonal associations were more limited, with positive associations for SHBG and inverse associations for free testosterone and FAI.
conclusionsHigher habitual coffee intake groups showed a leaner body composition, correlated inversely with circulating BCAAs in both sexes, and were independently associated with a sex-specific hormonal profile that may be metabolically relevant, particularly in men. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to establish causality and identify the coffee-derived bioactive compounds involved.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.