ArticleClinical oral investigations2026
Peri-implant crevicular fluid stress-related biomarkers and psychometric scores in peri-implant health and disease.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivePsychological stress has been widely investigated in periodontal diseases, however, its association with peri-implant conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peri-implant health and disease, together with anxiety and depression scores. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, sixty-two individuals were classified as peri-implant healthy (Group H, n = 18), peri-implant mucositis (Group PM, n = 22), and peri-implantitis (Group PI, n = 22). Clinical parameters; gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), keratinized tissue width (KTW), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were recorded. Psychological status was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). PICF cortisol, DHEA and IL-6 levels were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
resultsGI, PD, and BOP differed significantly among groups (p< 0.01), with the highest values in Group PI; suppuration and MBL were detected only in this group. Peri-implantitis patients exhibited higher BDI scores and total amounts of cortisol in PICF than Group H (p<0.05), whereas cortisol concentrations were lower (p<0.01). IL-6 concentrations progressively declined from health to peri-implantitis (p< 0.01). Clinical parameters correlated positively with total cortisol and negatively with IL-6.
conclusionWithin the limitations of this study, peri-implantitis was associated with elevated PICF cortisol levels and higher depression scores, indicating a possible relationship between psychological factors and peri-implant inflammation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Psychological stress may modulate inflammatory responses in peri-implant diseases. Elevated cortisol in peri-implantitis highlights the importance of psychosocial assessment for maintaining long-term peri-implant health.
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