Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42461389›Full record

ArticleParasitology research2026

Prevalence, risk factors and mixed Eimeria infection detection in broiler and Sonali birds of some poultry concentrated zones of Bangladesh.

Bimal Chandra Karmakar, Nusrat Nowrin Shohana, Subir Sarker, Anita Rani Dey, Sharmin Aqter Rony, Shirin Akter, Anisuzzaman, Mohammad Zahangir Alam

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Parasitology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bimal Chandra KarmakarDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-0124-4866
Nusrat Nowrin ShohanaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8130-8570
Subir SarkerBiomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4814, Australia. subir.sarker@jcu.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-8377
Anita Rani DeyDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5462-7982
Sharmin Aqter RonyDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2754-0571
Shirin AkterDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
AnisuzzamanDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7350-3093
Mohammad Zahangir AlamDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-2103

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chicken coccidiosis is a ubiquitous and economically significant disease that causes substantial production losses in the poultry industry. It is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, which damage the intestinal epithelium, leading to diarrhoea, poor growth, and mortality. This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, molecular diversity, and phylogenetic relationships of Eimeria infections in commercial poultry farms in Bangladesh. A total of 350 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven major poultry-producing regions and screened microscopically for oocysts. Farm-level data were obtained through structured interviews to assess associated risk factors. Samples with high oocyst loads were subjected to molecular analysis targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 region, followed by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction. The overall prevalence was 85.14%, with regional variation ranging from 61.22% in Sylhet to 100% in Joypurhat. Significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed with bird type, prior coccidiosis exposure, drinking water source, anticoccidial used, and veterinary support. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of all seven recognized Eimeria species, showing 98.05-100% similarity with reference sequences. Mixed infections were highly prevalent (97.57%), with multiple species detected per sample. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the study isolates consistently grouped with their corresponding reference taxa, supported by strong bootstrap values, and confirming accurate species identification and genetic relatedness. In conclusion, detection of all Eimeria species, together with the high burden of mixed infections and the influence of modifiable management factors, underscores the necessity for improved and integrated control measures for coccidiosis in commercial poultry systems in Bangladesh. Clinical trial number: not applicable.

Indexed as

ChickensCoccidiosisCoinfectionEimeriaPoultry DiseasesAnimalsBangladeshDNA, ProtozoanDNA, Ribosomal SpacerFecesGenetic VariationPhylogenyPrevalenceRisk FactorsSequence Analysis, DNADNA, ProtozoanDNA, Ribosomal SpacerChicken coccidiosisMixed infectionPrevalenceRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID42461389
PMCPMC13654896

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.