ArticleDiscover nano2026
Numerical heat transport analysis in quaternary model under internal heating source in Darcy media.
Article in Discover nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The heat transport using advanced composite nanomaterial is important research direction having wide applications in mechanical, chemical and industrial engineering, specifically in energy conversion and heat management systems. Inspired by these promising applications, the current research investigates the heat mechanism using tetra composite based functional fluid through dilating and squeezing channel. The governing equations modified by adding magnetic field, heat source, Darcy resistance and thermal radiations then it trans formed in the final model with the help of similarity variables and properties of tetra nanofluid. The numerical investigation then performed using shooting and Runge-Kutta (RK) schemes. The results highlighted that thermal transport improved through uniform injection while suction controls it. The promising increase in temperature performance is examined against increasing nanoparticles (NPs) concentration and is observed higher for tetra case than other classes at concentration 0.08. The Darcy medium diminishes the efficiency of the system by reducing the nanofluid transport which can be useful for regulating high temperature rise in the engineering fluidic systems. The tetra nanofluid case produces 3.82% higher than mono nanofluid. Physically, adding NPs enhances the viscosity and boosts the momentum diffusion in the vicinity of the walls. For λ = 0.1, the Nu varies 0.9932, 0.9816, 0.9732, and 0.9556 which shows 3.93% higher variations than simple case. Further, it improves 16.02% against α = 0.4 when compared for tetra 0.7198 with simple nanofluid 0.6204, Re = 0.4 enhances it 23.56% between tetra (0.4883) and simple (0.3952). Overall, the dominating performance of tetra nanofluid highlights its applicability for thermal management and energy efficient systems.
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