Observational studyEuropean journal of clinical investigation2026
High-Intensity Statin Treatment Is Associated With Reduced Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.
Observational study in European journal of clinical investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGrowth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is upregulated in coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship of intensive statin therapy with circulating GDF-15 levels has not been explored yet. In the current secondary analysis of an observational cohort, we investigated whether high-intensity statin treatment is associated with GDF-15 in patients with advanced CAD.
methodsIn 102 CAD patients we measured GDF-15 levels before and after median 7 [6-8] months from initiation atorvastatin 80 mg/day (n = 63, 61.8%) or rosuvastatin 40 mg/day (n = 39, 38.2%). At the two time points we also determined C-reactive protein (CRP), thrombin generation and fibrinolysis inhibitors. There was no concurrent control group.
resultsAt baseline GDF-15 levels (median 942; interquartile range 639-1284 pg/mL) were associated solely with age (R = 0.567, p < 0.001) and CRP (R = 0.464, p < 0.001), but not with lipid profile. On high-intensity statin therapy GDF-15 reduction by 17.8% was observed (p = 0.006), which was associated with CRP lowering by 46.4% (R = 0.788, p < 0.001), but not with changes in total cholesterol (by 17.6%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (by 28.1%). However, GDF-15 levels were lower by 28.5% (p < 0.001) and 18.9% (p = 0.013) in 43 patients (42.2%) who achieved the target LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L and 19 (18.6%) with LDL-C < 1.4 mmol/L, respectively, as compared to the remainder. The type of statin was not associated with follow-up GDF-15. Age (p = 0.029), baseline GDF-15 (p < 0.001) and CRP (p < 0.001), but not LDL-C, were independently associated with follow-up GDF-15.
conclusionsWe demonstrated that high-dose statin therapy is associated with lower GDF-15 in CAD patients and this effect is largely related to the anti-inflammatory properties of statins.
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