Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2026
Ketone monoester ingestion and cognitive and physical performance during exercise-heat stress.
Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSustaining cognitive and physical performance under extreme environmental conditions is critical for special operation forces (SOF). Hyperthermia negatively impacts cognitive function due to reductions in cerebral blood flow, substrate availability, thermal tolerance, and increased cardiovascular strain. While ketone monoester have demonstrated beneficial effects on cognition, their efficacy during exercise-heat stress remains unexplored.
methodsSeventeen endurance-trained males (age = 23.8 ± 5.2 y; VO
resultsFor cognitive performance, KET demonstrated significantly greater 1-back total accuracy (+2.8%,
conclusionsKetone monoester ingestion combined with caffeine improved select aspects of working memory and resulted in a significantly longer time-to-exhaustion compared with carbohydrate control following prolonged, loaded exercise in the heat. However, these effects were not universal across all cognitive outcomes, as no between-condition differences were observed for 2-back, RT, or OHA. Notably, despite performance differences, average heart rate, maximal heart rate during TTE, and core temperature did not differ. Together, these findings suggest that ketone monoester and caffeine co-ingestion may support specific cognitive and physical aspects of performance during sustained exercise-heat stress without altering cardiovascular or thermal strain.
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