ArticleChemistry & biodiversity2026
Structural Characterization and Immunostimulatory Activity of a New Slightly Branched β-glucan in Sporisorium reilianum-Infected Sorghum Head Smut.
Article in Chemistry & biodiversity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sporisorium reilianum (S. reilianum) is an agricultural pathogen that causes disease and reduces yield in sorghum and maize crops. However, head smut-infected sorghum and maize have been traditionally utilized for edible and medicinal purposes in some regions. In this study, the structure and immunostimulatory potency of a new slightly branched β-glucan WM-0.25(P) obtained from the S. reilianum-infected sorghum head smut were explored. WM-0.25(P) was a β-glucan with a molecular weight of 69.67 kDa and was composed of β-1,6-D-Glcp as the main chain and β-1,3-D-Glcp as the side chain. There was approximately one branch for every 11 sugars on the main chain. WM-0.25(P) triggered morphological alterations, enhanced phagocytic activity, and upregulated the expression of surface molecules, while promoting the production of ROS, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The function blocking antibodies to toll-like receptor revealed that TLR4 mainly participated in the recognition and immunostimulatory function of WM-0.25(P). Simultaneously, WM-0.25(P) modulated macrophage inflammatory response mainly through activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results indicated that WM-0.25(P), with a low branching degree derived from S. reilianum-infected sorghum head smut, exerted moderate immunomodulatory effects on macrophages. Further in vivo studies are warranted to evaluate its translational potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.