Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42460287›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2026

The impact of question order on surveillance of nicotine pouch and smokeless tobacco use among adults in the United States.

Michelle T Bover Manderski, Nishi J Gonsalves, Mary Hrywna, Cristine D Delnevo

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Michelle T Bover ManderskiRutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Nishi J GonsalvesRutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Mary HrywnaRutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Cristine D DelnevoRutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Funding

Rutgers Center of Excellence in Rapid Surveillance of TobaccoU01CA278695 · NCI · RUTGERS BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES · PI CRISTINE D DELNEVO, Ollie Ganz · 2023 to 2026
$14.0M
Understanding nicotine pouch adoption and longitudinal use patterns among U.S. adultsR01DA063630 · NIDA · RUTGERS BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Michelle T. Bover Manderski · 2025 to 2026
$1.4M
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA278695NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA063630
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To improve understanding about measurement of smokeless tobacco and nicotine products, we conducted a survey experiment to investigate the effect of question order on calculated prevalence of use. Methods: We embedded a split sample experiment within the May 2025 Rutgers Omnibus Study; 1891 US adults aged 18-45 were recruited from Amazon MTurk for an online survey about health behaviors, randomized to answer questions about nicotine pouches before smokeless tobacco or vice versa. We compared prevalence by experimental condition using chi-square tests, with alpha = 0.05. Results: Prevalence of ever smokeless tobacco use was significantly higher among those who received the smokeless tobacco questions first (21.5 % vs 16.4 %, Conclusion: Nicotine pouch use may be misreported as SLT use on surveys that assess smokeless tobacco first. Consequently, efforts to monitor prevalence of smokeless tobacco use as nicotine pouches gain popularity may be undermined by measurement error.

Indexed as

MeasurementNicotine pouchesOrder effectsSmokeless tobaccoSurvey

Identifiers

PMID42460287
PMCPMC13370818

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.