ArticleAIMS public health2026
Understanding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance: A cross-sectional study among outpatients in Greek primary health care.
Article in AIMS public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are crucial for treating bacterial illnesses; however, overuse and abuse of these drugs, together with improper consumption, have led to selection pressure and the rise of resistant bacteria. Aim: To investigate the knowledge and attitudes of outpatients in a healthcare setting regarding antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance. Methods: This exploratory survey was conducted among 120 outpatients visiting a public primary healthcare setting in Greece, from February to March 2024. Data were collected via a 38-item self-administered questionnaire covering three domains: antimicrobial resistance (AMR) knowledge, antibiotic knowledge, and consumption practices. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (ver.29), employing Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests to identify demographic correlates (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 120 individuals participated in the study, 72 of whom were women (60.0%); 37.5% resided in an urban center, and 30.8% were lyceum graduates. Most of the sample knew that AMR signifies resistance of microbes to antibiotics (75.0%), that it constitutes a significant public health problem in the country (70.0%), and that it is due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans (67.5%). 74.2% disagreed with stopping antibiotic treatment earlier, while 40.0% of respondents stated that taking antibiotics is only useful for fighting bacterial infections. 27.5% thought antibiotics were necessary for viral illnesses with fever, and 35.8% thought they speed up recovery from a cold. Remarkably, 52.5% of respondents acknowledged keeping antibiotics for later use, and 56.7% reported using non-prescription antibiotics in the past. Antibiotic knowledge scores were statistically significantly higher for women and people living in urban and semi-urban areas (p < 0.05). People with less education knew less about antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, and antibiotic consumption practices (p < 0.005). Conclusions: Although primary health care recipients demonstrate a generally satisfactory awareness of antimicrobial resistance, significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions about antibiotics persist, leading to inappropriate antibiotic use practices.
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