ArticleThe Journal of experimental biology2026
Thyroid hormone determines energy efficiency of locomotion in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in a temperature-sensitive manner.
Article in The Journal of experimental biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The energetic cost of animal movement has important ecological ramifications because it can comprise a large proportion of energy budgets. Understanding the mechanisms that determine energetic efficiency of locomotion (cost of transport; ∫CoT) is important to estimate environmentally induced changes in movement patterns and energy allocation. We aimed to determine whether thyroid hormone and differences in morphology underlie individual differences in ∫CoT in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that pharmacologically induced hypothyroidism increased ∫CoT particularly at cooler temperatures (24°C cf. 30°C). Hypothyroid fish also had a lower critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and a reduced tailbeat amplitude overall, but increased amplitude at higher swimming speed. Tailbeat frequency increased with increasing speed, but hypothyroidism modulated these responses. Fineness ratio and cross-sectional area were unrelated to ∫CoT. Our data indicate that ∫CoT is embedded within the broader thyroid regulatory network, which renders efficiency of movement sensitive to environmental temperature changes and endocrine-disrupting pollution.
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