ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Phenological synchrony, parental contribution, and effective pollen dispersal patterns affect the genetic composition of Cupressus funebris dwarf seed orchard progenies.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCupressus funebris is a pivotal conifer species for timber production and ecological restoration in subtropical regions. While dwarf seed orchards (DSO) created via apical pruning facilitate intensive management and cone harvesting, their impact on the reproductive success and genetic integrity of offspring remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the interplay between flowering phenology, parental reproductive success, and effective pollen dispersal dynamics in a DSO of C. funebris.
resultsOur multi-year observations reveal that phenological asynchrony in DSO is driven by both clonal genotypic variations and stochastic climatic fluctuations (temperature and precipitation). High-resolution paternity analysis using SSR markers demonstrated a significant deviation from the idealized random mating model, characterized by unbalanced gametic contributions (approx. 24% of clones dominating > 50% of the progeny pool). Notably, while the dwarf architecture did not significantly restrict horizontal effective mating distances, it vertically compressed the canopy, creating a denser zone of reproductive structures. This structural condensation is associated with an increased probability of geitonogamy (self-pollination), corresponding to a higher selfing rate in the dwarfed orchard (27.81%) compared to the un-dwarfed counterparts (18.30%), as determined using a relaxed 80% confidence interval to maintain sufficient spatial modeling resolution. Despite these imbalances, the progeny population maintained a high level of allelic richness (Na), albeit with a detectable increase in homozygosity.
conclusionsThe findings suggest that while dwarfing optimizes logistical efficiency, it is associated with increased inbreeding risks, potentially related to altered canopy aerodynamics and flower positioning. Future management should prioritize optimized clonal deployment and supplemental mass pollination to mitigate genetic erosion in DSO.
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