Nose-to-brain delivery of candesartan-loaded nanoemulsion: brain biodistribution and neurobehavioral outcomes in controlled cortical impact-induced traumatic brain injury.

Etikala Amulya, Deepali Kumari, Tejaswini Kolipaka, Manoj P Dandekar, Saurabh Srivastava

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Article in Inflammopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 authors.

Etikala AmulyaPharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.

Deepali KumariDepartment of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Tejaswini KolipakaPharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.

Manoj P DandekarDepartment of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Saurabh SrivastavaPharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India. saurabh@niperhyd.ac.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-4363

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), defined as a disruption in normal brain function caused by external mechanical force, affects ⁓27-69 million individuals annually worldwide. Despite its high prevalence and association with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurological deficits, no effective brain-targeted pharmacotherapy has yet been approved for TBI management. Herein, we report an intranasal (IN) candesartan-loaded mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (CND-MNE) designed to enhance nose-to-brain (N2B) delivery and therapeutic efficacy in TBI. The optimized CND-MNE exhibited a mean globule size of 20.98 ± 0.60 nm, spherical morphology, nasal-compatible pH, favourable spreading behaviour, enhanced flux and preserved mucosal integrity. CND-MNE revealed a 2.16- and 3.09-fold enhancement in brain C

Indexed as

BenzimidazolesBiphenyl CompoundsBrainBrain Injuries, TraumaticTetrazolesAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalDrug Delivery SystemsEmulsionsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNanoparticlesNasal MucosaTissue DistributionBenzimidazolesBiphenyl CompoundscandesartanEmulsionsTetrazolesCandesartanControlled cortical impact modelIntranasalMucoadhesive nanoemulsionPharmacokinetic evaluationTraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID42458150

DOI10.1007/s10787-026-02334-y

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.