Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42457988›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2026

Risk profiles of motor deficits in preterm infants: a cluster analysis approach.

Lisa Middendorf, Julia Jaekel, Alexandra Gellhaus, Antonella Iannacconne, Anne-Kathrin Dathe, Johanna Bialas, Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser, Britta Hüning

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Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lisa MiddendorfDepartment of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. lisa.middendorf@uk-essen.de.
Julia JaekelDepartment of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Alexandra GellhausDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Antonella IannacconneDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Anne-Kathrin DatheDepartment of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Johanna BialasDepartment of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Ursula Felderhoff-MueserDepartment of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Britta HüningDepartment of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreterm infants face increased risks of developmental impairments. Maternal pregnancy complications, neonatal morbidity, and social adversity may additively increase these risks.

objectiveThis study aimed to identify intersecting maternal, neonatal, and social risk factors clustering within mother and preterm infant dyads, and to examine their prospective associations with infants' cognitive and motor outcomes.

methodsData from 222 mother and preterm infant dyads were analyzed using two-step cluster analysis based on maternal, neonatal, and social risk factors. Mixed-effects linear regression models assessed differences in outcomes at 3 months (MOS-R) and 12 months (Bayley III) corrected age according to identified risk profiles.

resultsFour risk profiles emerged. The low-risk profile (A) represented minimal maternal, neonatal, and social adversity. At 3 months, infants in the high social (C) and high neonatal risk (D) profile had lower MOS-R scores compared with profile A (C: coefficient = -2.27, 95% CI [-3.46, -1.07], p < 0.01; D: -3.75 [-5.40, -2.08], p < 0.01). No difference was observed for the high maternal risk profile (B).

conclusionThese findings emphasize an intersectional approach to understanding developmental vulnerability in preterm infants. Simultaneous consideration of maternal, neonatal, and social risks is crucial for early identification and targeted follow-up of at-risk families. IMPACT: This study demonstrates that maternal, neonatal, and social risk factors occur in distinct clusters among preterm infant-mother dyads. Person-centered risk profiles reflect different etiological pathways Findings emphasize the need for intersectional risk screening to guide individualized multidisciplinary follow-up care for preterm infants.

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PMID42457988

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