Chitosan-quinoxaline Schiff base hydroxyapatite composite with antimicrobial properties for bone regeneration.

Abdelrahman Barakat, Gameel A M Ehagali, Shahira H El-Moslamy, Moustafa S Abusaif, Medhat E Owda, Yousry A Ammar, Mohamed B Ghazy

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Abdelrahman BarakatDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt. dr_abdelrahman@azhar.edu.eg.ORCID 0000-0002-4123-0342

Gameel A M EhagaliDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt. elhag1970@azhar.edu.eg.

Shahira H El-MoslamyBioprocess Development Department (BID), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.

Moustafa S AbusaifDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.

Medhat E OwdaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.

Yousry A AmmarDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.

Mohamed B GhazyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Implant-associated infections remain a major challenge in bone regeneration, often compromising the long-term success of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials. A new sulfonated quinoxaline aldehyde, 2-ethoxy-4-formylphenyl 2,3-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline-6-sulfonate (B6), was synthesized and covalently grafted onto chitosan via Schiff base condensation to yield derivatives with controlled degrees of substitution (d1-d4). Which were subsequently incorporated into hydroxyapatite to form composite systems (dH0-dH4). Structural characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed successful Schiff base formation, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated enhanced thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses revealed homogeneous hydroxyapatite dispersion and a mesoporous architecture (44.8 m

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsBone RegenerationChitosanDurapatiteQuinoxalinesAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiocompatible MaterialsChlorocebus aethiopsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSchiff BasesSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredStaphylococcus aureusX-Ray DiffractionAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsBiocompatible MaterialsChitosanDurapatiteQuinoxalinesSchiff BasesBone regenerationChitosan Schiff baseHydroxyapatite

Identifiers

PMID42457786

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-61289-w

PMCPMC13373163

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