Observational studyBMJ paediatrics open2026
Children and young people tested for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency at a busy children's emergency department in Birmingham, UK: an observational study.
Observational study in BMJ paediatrics open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the proportion of children and young people (CYP) tested in our emergency department (ED) who had either normal, insufficient or deficient serum levels of vitamin D to guide diagnostic strategies in the ED and neighbourhood outreach clinics in Birmingham.
designSingle-centre, retrospective cohort study.
settingChildren's ED serving a superdiverse, urban population with high levels of deprivation. PATIENTS AND
interventionAll CYP aged <16 years who attended the Birmingham Children's Hospital ED and who had a serum vitamin D level sent between 1 January 2021 and 31 March 2022 were included.
main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: rates of vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) and insufficiency (25-49 nmol/L) in CYP tested. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: associated laboratory biomarkers; associations between deficiency/insufficiency and patient characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and seasonality).
resultsOf 239 CYP tested, 133 (55.6%) patients were male and mean age was 8.1 years (range 0 to 15, SD 4.8). There were 88 (36.8%) patients with vitamin D insufficiency and 62 (25.9%) who were deficient. Asian British patients had higher adjusted odds of deficiency compared with White patients (2.81 (1.11-7.85), p=0.037), but ethnicity was not associated with vitamin D insufficiency after adjustment for other patient characteristics. Increasing IMD quintile was associated with lower adjusted odds of both deficiency (OR (95% CI) per quintile: 0.59 (0.36 to 0.87), p=0.016) and insufficiency (0.58 (0.42 to 0.80), p<0.001).
conclusionsScreening is not currently advocated in the UK but we need targeted diagnostic strategies to address vitamin D deficiency in populations at greater risk.
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