Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42457227›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2026

The complexities of comprehensive exams in epidemiology.

Hailey R Banack, Jay S Kaufman, Jacqueline E McLaughlin, Michael B Jarstfer, Lynne C Messer, Matthew P Fox

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hailey R BanackEpidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Jay S KaufmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1606-401X
Jacqueline E McLaughlinDivision of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Michael B JarstferDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Lynne C MesserDepartments of Community Health and Epidemiology, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, United States.
Matthew P FoxDepartments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Comprehensive exams are a standard component of doctoral-level training programs in epidemiology. In this manuscript, we describe current practices in the administration of comprehensive examinations across doctoral programs in epidemiology and discuss variation in the content, format, and structure of these exams. We present results from a survey of 33 epidemiology programs about the comprehensive exam process. We also discuss a symposium focused on comprehensive exams that was part of the 2025 Society for Epidemiologic Research annual meeting. The symposium included speakers with specific expertise in designing comprehensive exams, as well as faculty from several different epidemiology programs across North America. The survey found important differences in format (ie, written, oral, general epidemiology, substantive topics), when the exams are administered, and the level of epidemiology knowledge targeted. In this manuscript, we also discuss common challenges programs face, including developing and grading exams. By sharing this information with a wide audience of epidemiologists, we aim to facilitate discussion to improve the comprehensive exam process for doctoral students in our field. This work also fits with a broader goal to initiate discussion about doctoral-level training in epidemiology.

Indexed as

Educational MeasurementEducation, GraduateEpidemiologyHumanscomprehensive examinationsdoctoral educationepidemiology

Identifiers

PMID42457227
PMCPMC13642361

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.