ArticleRMD open2026
Impact of vitamin D levels on disease activity, function and health over 2 years in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: data from GErman SPondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (GESPIC).
Article in RMD open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the impact of vitamin D on disease activity, function and health in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) undergoing biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) therapy.
methodsPatients with r-axSpA and active disease at baseline initiating a bDMARD were included in this analysis. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) was measured at baseline and every 6 months until year 2; deficiency was defined as <20 ng/mL. The outcomes were AxSpA Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Patient Global Assessment (PGA), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society Health Index (ASAS-HI) and C reactive protein (CRP). Longitudinal associations were evaluated using generalised estimating equations, with sensitivity analyses accounting for time-varying confounders.
resultsWe analysed 122 patients (mean age 36.6 (10.3) years; 66.4% male), of whom 53.3% had vitamin D deficiency at baseline. In longitudinal models, normal vitamin D levels were associated with lower ASDAS (β per 1 ng/mL increase: -0.010; 95% CI -0.017 to -0.003), BASDAI (β: -0.021; 95% CI -0.036 to -0.006), PGA (β: -0.021; 95% CI -0.039 to -0.003) and BASFI (β: -0.015; 95% CI -0.032 to 0.001). Effect estimates of ASDAS, BASDAI, BASFI, CRP (and their corresponding categorical outcomes) were attenuated in sensitivity analyses but remained directionally consistent. Positive associations with PGA and ASAS-HI were also observed though the estimates were not consistent through all models.
conclusionsNormal vitamin D levels were modestly associated with lower disease activity in r-axSpA treated with bDMARDs. Monitoring and optimising vitamin D status may support better disease control.
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