ArticleCanadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie2026
Association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and keratoconus.
Andrew Mihalache, Ryan S Huang, Marko M Popovic, Margarita Safir, Adi Einan-Lifshitz, Clara C Chan
Abstract read
In one paragraphArticle in Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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What it found
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2 · The registryThe trial behind it
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3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
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4 · The recordCorrections and comments
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5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
6 authors.
Andrew MihalacheTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
Ryan S HuangTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
Marko M PopovicDepartment of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto ON; Department of Ophthalmology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto ON.
Margarita SafirSchool of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Adi Einan-LifshitzSchool of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Clara C ChanDepartment of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto ON; Department of Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto ON. Electronic address: clarachanmd@gmail.com.
Funding
Technology to Empower Changes in Health (TECH) Network Participant Technologies CenterU24OD023176 · OD · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI TOPOL, ERIC JEFFREY · 2016 to 2022
$204.7MPrecision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program BiobankU24OD023121 · OD · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI CEKANOVA, MARIA, CICEK, MINE · 2016 to 2024
$185.5MEnhancing All of Us Data Resources for Nutrition Precision Health: the All of Us Data and Research CenterU2COD023196 · OD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GLAZER, DAVID, HARRIS, PAUL A. · 2016 to 2022
$143.7MAdaptive Platform for Personalized EngagementU24OD023163 · OD · VIGNET, INC. · PI JAIN, PRADUMAN · 2017 to 2020
$102.6MUniversity of Arizona-Banner Health All of Us Research Program OT2OD026549 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI MORENO, FRANCISCO A, REIMAN, ERIC MICHAEL · 2018 to 2023
$78.9MCalifornia Precision Medicine Research Program ConsortiumOT2OD026552 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANTON-CULVER, HODA A, OHNO-MACHADO, LUCILA · 2018 to 2023
$73.4MAll of Us PennsylvaniaOT2OD026554 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E, VISWESWARAN, SHYAM · 2018 to 2023
$72.1MNew York City Consortium for Precision MedicineOT2OD026556 · OD · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BIER, LOUISE E, GHARAVI, ALI G · 2018 to 2023
$67.3MSouthEast Enrollment Center (SEEC) OT2OD026551 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI CARRASQUILLO, OLVEEN, COLON, VIVIAN · 2018 to 2023
$62.8MSouthern All of Us NetworkOT2OD026548 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI FOUAD, MONA N., KORF, BRUCE R · 2018 to 2023
$60.5MIllinois Precision Medicine Consortium OT2OD026557 · OD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI AHSAN, HABIBUL, ARGOS, MARIA · 2018 to 2023
$60.5MThe New England Precision Medicine Consortium of the All of Us Research ProgramOT2OD026553 · OD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CLARK, CHERYL RENEE, KARLSON, ELIZABETH W · 2018 to 2023
$58.8MAOU NIH HHS WB999999NIH HHS OT2 OD023205NIH HHS OT2 OD023206NIH HHS OT2 OD025276NIH HHS OT2 OD025277NIH HHS OT2 OD025315NIH HHS OT2 OD025337NIH HHS OT2 OD026548NIH HHS OT2 OD026549NIH HHS OT2 OD026550NIH HHS OT2 OD026551NIH HHS OT2 OD026552NIH HHS OT2 OD026553NIH HHS OT2 OD026554NIH HHS OT2 OD026555NIH HHS OT2 OD026556NIH HHS OT2 OD026557NIH HHS U24 OD023121NIH HHS U24 OD023163NIH HHS U24 OD023176NIH HHS U2C OD023196
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
objectiveTo investigate the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and keratoconus (KC) in a large, diverse adult cohort.
designRetrospective cross-sectional study.
participantsIndividuals with and without ADHD from the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program.
methodsIndividuals with ADHD were propensity-score-matched (1:3) to controls. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ADHD and KC, with adjustments for psychiatric comorbidities, atopic conditions, obstructive sleep apnea, ADHD medications, conjunctivitis, and tear-film-related disorders. An interaction term analysis was performed to assess potential effect modification by sex.
resultsA total of 40 360 matched participants were included, comprising 10 090 individuals with ADHD and 30 270 without ADHD (mean age: 42.3 ± 15.6 years; mean body mass index: 30.5 ± 8.4 kg/m
conclusionsIn this large, diverse adult cohort, individuals with ADHD were more than twice as likely to have KC, independent of multiple confounders. Tear-film-related disorders, which may potentially represent a proxy for eye rubbing, also emerged as a significant predictor.
Identifiers
PMID42457150
PMCPMC13614842
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