Shifting Perceptions of Cosmetic Procedures: Rise of Medical Spas in Online Search Trends.

Hong Ye, Sophia Yanjia Zhu, Britta Verhey, Joy Xu, Gordon Hyeonjin Bae

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in JMIR dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hong Ye *Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2793-6699

Sophia Yanjia ZhuDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.ORCID 0009-0009-9382-2305

Britta VerheySchool of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States.ORCID 0009-0004-7774-1015

Joy XuDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3233-2371

Gordon Hyeonjin Bae *Department of Dermatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Broadway Street, Redwood City, CA, 94063, United States, 1 650 441 2775.ORCID 0000-0001-9996-4763

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unlabelled: Our analysis of online search trends suggests that over the past decade, public search interest has increasingly associated certain aesthetic procedures, particularly injectables and laser hair removal, with medical spas rather than dermatologists.

Indexed as

Cosmetic TechniquesInternetSearch EngineHair RemovalHumansaesthetic procedurescosmetic proceduresdermatologistGoogle Trendsmedical spamed spanonphysician provideronline search trendspatient safety

Identifiers

PMID42456021

DOI10.2196/83509

PMCPMC13372071

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.