SynthesisMolecular biology reports2026
Immunotherapeutic strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review of mechanisms, clinical advances and emerging approaches.
Synthesis in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite the success of immunotherapy in other malignancies, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive "cold" tumor microenvironment. This environment is characterized by low tumor mutational burden, sparse T-cell infiltration, and the dominance of immunosuppressive factors. This review aims to systematically examine recent advances, current challenges, and future directions in immunotherapy for CRPC, offering novel therapeutic perspectives for this lethal disease with currently limited treatment options. METHODS AND
resultsWe reviewed the research results of immunotherapy for CRPC in PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI literature from 2020 to 2025 and found that significant clinical progress has been made in this field: 5 vaccine trials, 3 immune checkpoint inhibitor trials, 20 combination therapy trials (≥ 2 drugs), and 7 targeted drug trials. Preliminary efficacy was observed in new approaches such as bispecific antibodies (for example, Xaluritamig achieved a 59% PSA50 response), PSCA-CAR T, and oncolytic viruses (Ad5 PSA/MUC-1/brachyury). Basic research has identified four targeted resistance mechanisms (such as AR-LLT1, Pygo2, HnRNP L) and one nanoparticle mediated triple therapy (CM-AMS@AD NPs integrated photothermal/chemotherapy/immunotherapy), which can enhance cytotoxic T cell infiltration and inhibit preclinical CRPC growth.
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate the significant potential of immunotherapy in treating CRPC, but treatment regimens require further optimization and validation of long-term survival benefits through Phase III clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42455319What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.