Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42455277›Full record

ArticleBehavior genetics2026

Growing Up with Parents Who Smoke: Genetic and Environmental Effects on Offspring Substance Use and Externalizing Psychopathology From a 20-Year Minnesota Study of Adoptive Families.

Kathryn P O'Donnell, Xinyu Xie, Brooke Huizenga, Alexander Herman, Emily A Willoughby, James J Lee, Robert F Krueger, Sylia Wilson, Glenn I Roisman, Monica Luciana and 3 more

Abstract read
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Article in Behavior genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kathryn P O'DonnellDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-2581-5439
Xinyu XieDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Brooke HuizengaDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Alexander HermanDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Emily A WilloughbyDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
James J LeeDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Robert F KruegerDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Sylia WilsonInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Glenn I RoismanInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Monica LucianaDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
William G IaconoDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Steve MaloneDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Scott VriezeDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. vrieze@umn.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-7930

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In celebration of Matt McGue's career, we conducted a longitudinal extension of a simple and elegant study he supervised nearly two decades ago (Keyes et al. 2008). We examined the effects of teenage exposure to parental smoking on substance use and externalizing outcomes in an adoption study. In total, 1232 offspring from 617 families were longitudinally assessed at mean ages of 15, 18, 22, and 32 years, with 37% of offspring living with at least one smoking parent at the intake assessment. We tested the effect of this exposure on offspring tobacco and cannabis use; nicotine, alcohol, and drug dependence; and ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and adult antisocial behavior at all available follow-up assessments. Effect sizes in adoptive offspring were generally small for all outcomes, indicating minimal environmental effects from exposure to parental smoking. In contrast, the effects of exposure were stronger across all outcomes for biological (nonadopted) offspring, though not uniformly significantly statistically stronger. The environmental risk of parental smoking appears specific to offspring tobacco use while the genetic risk is more general across externalizing outcomes, consistent with Keyes et al. (2008)'s original findings from the initial intake assessment of this cohort.

Indexed as

AddictionADHDAdoptionAlcoholAntisocial personalityCannabisDisinhibitionDrug useNicotineTobacco

Identifiers

PMID42455277

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.