ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026
Device aided therapies in Parkinson disease: an expert view on apomorphine.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Versatile Roles of Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Disorders: From Pathological Mechanism and Diagnostic Biomarkers to Therapeutic Application.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionParkinson's disease (PD) affects approximately 1% of individuals over the age of 60, with its prevalence increasing in older populations. Clinical manifestations can be effectively controlled during the first years of disease but progressively medications effect shortens with appearance of motor complications and dyskinesia. AREAS COVERED: Management of PD primarily aims to restore dopaminergic activity through pharmacological interventions such as levodopa, which effectively alleviates motor symptoms and extends life expectancy. Early initiation of treatment improves bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor; however, as the disease advances, the therapeutic response to levodopa shortens, leading to complications such as motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. In advanced Parkinson's disease (aPD), the emergence of the "wearing-off" phenomenon and unpredictable "on/off" fluctuations-where symptoms reappear despite medications-poses significant challenges for disease management. EXPERT OPINION: Device-aided therapies, including deep brain stimulation and continuous infusion of apomorphine or levodopa, provide effective management options for advanced Parkinson's disease (aPD) when oral medications fail to adequately control symptoms. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) has demonstrated both efficacy and long-term tolerability; however, its clinical adoption remains limited due to challenges in patient selection and referral, treatment initiation and handling of the device. This review examines the available infusion therapies, with a particular focus on CSAI, and aims to provide clinicians with evidence-based guidance for optimizing treatment selection in aPD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.