Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42454775›Full record

ArticleAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026

Direct Cytosolic Delivery of Amphiphilic Framework Nucleic Acids for RNA Interference.

Lixuan Lin, Kai Jiao, Biancheng Wei, Fei Zhou, Yue Wang, Xia Liu, Zisheng Tang, Lihua Wang, Ying Zhu, Linjie Guo and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Lixuan LinCAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Kai JiaoInstitute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0009-0004-3749-8639
Biancheng WeiCAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Fei ZhouInstitute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Yue WangState Key Laboratory of Synergistic Chem-Bio Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xia LiuDepartment of Stomatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Zisheng TangDepartment of Stomatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Lihua WangInstitute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Ying ZhuInstitute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Linjie GuoInstitute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Chunhai FanState Key Laboratory of Synergistic Chem-Bio Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7171-7338
Jiang LiInstitute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2372-6624

Funding

Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China JYB2025XDXM602National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFB3208200National Natural Science Foundation of China 22325406National Natural Science Foundation of China 22525605National Natural Science Foundation of China 32301185National Natural Science Foundation of China T2188102New Cornerstone Science FoundationShanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University 21TQ1400222
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The efficient cytosolic delivery of nucleic acid molecular machines remains a major challenge due to the dual barriers of the cell membrane and endosomal sequestration. Here, we report a class of amphiphilic framework nucleic acids (ampFNAs) that enable direct cytosolic delivery involving energy-independent traversal of lipid membranes. Among several designed geometries, a rigid rod-like six-helix bundle functionalized with a single cholesterol moiety exhibits superior cellular binding and internalization. We find that this ampFNA can enter cells through a cholesterol-dependent, lipid raft-mediated pathway, capable of bypassing endosomal entrapment. Compared to the commercial transfection reagent Lipofectamine 3000 (Lipo3000), the ampFNA platform exhibits reduced lysosomal entrapment. When delivering small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the ampFNA-mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene silencing was achieved with efficiency comparable to Lipo3000. By targeting the proto-oncogene Bcl-2, the ampFNA induced an apoptotic rate of 31.3% in the tumor cell population. Our work establishes ampFNAs as a programmable, efficient, and biocompatible platform for the development of next‑generation smart nucleic acid delivery machines for precision medicine.

Indexed as

CytosolNucleic AcidsRNA InterferenceRNA, Small InterferingSurface-Active AgentsGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHumansenhanced green fluorescent proteinGreen Fluorescent ProteinsNucleic AcidsRNA, Small InterferingSurface-Active Agentscytosolic deliveryDNA nanotechnologyframework nucleic acid

Identifiers

PMID42454775
PMCPMC13573031

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.