Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42454751›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society2026

The vascular contribution to dementia: World Stroke Organization scientific statement.

Geert Jan Biessels, Stephanie Debette, Fanny M Elahi, Fatemeh Geranmayeh, Gurpreet K Hansra, Timothy M Hughes, Masafumi Ihara, Jeremy D Isaacs, Hanna Jokinen, Alexi Nott and 10 more

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Geert Jan BiesselsDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6862-2496
Stephanie DebetteInstitut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris Brain Institute, INSERM U1127, UMR CNRS 7225 Paris, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Fanny M ElahiDepartment of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Fatemeh GeranmayehDepartment of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Gurpreet K HansraCentre for Healthy Brain Aging, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2221-9428
Timothy M HughesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Masafumi IharaDepartment of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
Jeremy D IsaacsDepartment of Neurology, St George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and City St George's, University of London, London, UK.
Hanna JokinenDivision of Neuropsychology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Alexi NottDepartment of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Sarah T PendleburyWolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Ruth PetersThe George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Julie A SchneiderDepartment of Pathology, Department of Neurological Sciences, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Colin SmithAcademic Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Eric E SmithDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3956-1668
Prashanthi VemuriDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
Joanna M WardlawInstitute for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9812-6642
Alastair Js WebbDepartment of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0630-8204
Donna M WilcockStark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Atticus H HainsworthCity St George's, University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7877-8013

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular pathology are the two most common causes of dementia, frequently co-occurring in older people. Community-based neuropathology studies indicate that vascular disease accounts for approximately one-third of the population-attributable risk of dementia, controlling for other pathologies (including AD). The proportion with vascular disease as co-pathology is likely to be higher (50-70%). The most common vascular substrate is cerebral small vessel disease, which includes small artery fibrosis (arteriolosclerosis), vascular amyloid deposits (cerebral amyloid angiopathy), and monogenic forms of small vessel disease, the commonest being Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Post-stroke cognitive impairment following both ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage also contributes. AIMS AND

methodsIn this World Stroke Organization (WSO) scientific statement, we assembled a multi-disciplinary international group of experts to review the vascular contribution to dementia, encompassing both vascular and neurodegenerative dementia. This statement has been reviewed and approved by the WSO executive.

resultsWe summarize the epidemiology, neuropathology, cognitive profile, clinical impact and management of vascular disease in dementia and discuss the recent VasCog-2-WSO diagnostic criteria. We consider the substantial overlap with clinical stroke and with AD dementia. We catalog transcriptomic and proteomic studies that have revealed novel candidate molecules (

conclusionThe vascular contribution to dementia is i) substantial, ii) increasingly understood at molecular and mechanistic levels, iii) a source of potential treatment opportunities.Data Access Statement:no original data are presented in this document.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseasecerebral small vessel diseasemixed dementiaVascular cognitive impairmentvascular dementia

Identifiers

PMID42454751

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.