ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2026
Hyphema Associated with Water Bead Projectile Toys: A Retrospective Comparative Study.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: Superabsorbent water beads can be used in projectile toy guns. We aimed to characterize water bead-related hyphema and compare the prevalence with other causes of traumatic hyphema. Methods: In this 10-month retrospective review, we identified 35 consecutive patients with traumatic hyphema presenting to the emergency department. Cases were grouped by injury mechanism, water bead-related compared with all other causes. Clinical data on initial presentation and subsequent visits were compared. Results: In the patients with traumatic hyphema, 8 (23%) cases were due to water bead trauma. Bead-related cases involved significantly younger patients (16 ± 9 years) compared with other cases (32 ± 21 years; p = 0.004). No statistically significant differences were found in peak intraocular pressure (p = 0.14) or need for surgical intervention (p = 0.3). The proportion of hyphema related to water bead injuries was higher in pediatric (42%) compared with adult patients (10%). The odds ratio of water-bead hyphema in pediatric compared with adult patients was 6.44 (95% CI:1.15-57.1; p = 0.021). Conclusion: In this study, approximately a quarter of patients with traumatic hyphema during the study period were water bead-related, with approximately six-fold increased risk in younger patients. These findings suggest a need for public health awareness about water bead projectile injuries.
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