ArticleACS ES&T engineering2026
Enhancement of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Uptake from Contaminated Soil by Applying Plant Growth Regulators: Screening and Cross-Species Evaluation.
Article in ACS ES&T engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Innovative approaches are urgently needed to improve the phytoremediation of complex mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in contaminated soils. This study investigated the effectiveness of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in enhancing the uptake of a mixture of eight PFAS (100 μg/kg each) by Timothy grass (TG) from soil. A suite of PGRs including auxins (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA], indole-3-butyric acid [IBA]), gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) was applied individually via foliar spray at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 200 μM. Among all treatments, IBA at 10 μM (IBA-10), IAA-1, and GA at 0.1-1 μM significantly enhanced shoot accumulation of PFHxA and PFHpA, with maximum uptake reaching ∼23% in TG during the second harvest (days 55-108). Compared to the controls without exposure to PGRs, this enhancement was ∼63%. In addition, PGRs enhanced the translocation of long-chain PFOS and PFNA, with increases of 45-82% over the controls. Uptake of ΣPFAS peaked around 7-9% of the total spiked mass for those with IBA-10, IAA-1, or GA-1/GB-0.1, underscoring the importance of type and concentration of PGRs in enhancing phytoextraction. Similar results were also observed for alfalfa undergoing similar treatment with PGRs. Insight from both TG and alfalfa indicates that not all PGR applications led to enhanced biomass weight and PFAS uptake percentage. Some treatments increased tissue PFAS concentrations without improving biomass dry weight, while others enhanced biomass but resulted in only modest increases in PFAS translocation. These results demonstrate that some foliar-applied phytohormones can regulate PFAS accumulation in plants, offering a potential strategy to improve phytoextraction efficiency. The underlying mechanisms, however, will need to be further elucidated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.