ArticleSensors and actuators. B, Chemical2026
Rapid and accessible tumor necrosis factor alpha detection using digital nanoparticle sensors towards point-of-care cytokine monitoring.
Article in Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokine monitoring is essential for understanding immune response and evaluating therapeutic outcomes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is employed as an exemplary cytokine marker to demonstrate a nanoparticle-supported, rapid, electronic detection (NasRED) assay as an one-pot, in-solution sensing platform for cytokine quantification and therapeutic monitoring. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with TNF Receptor-2 (TNFR2) are designed to react with TNF-α in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), human pooled serum (HPS), whole blood (WB), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and synovial fluid, producing accelerated AuNP precipitation for signal transduction and digitization. The NasRED TNF-α assay demonstrates high sensitivity (1.2 fM), a broad dynamic range of seven orders of magnitude, and a short assay time (~20 min). Importantly, the platform enables analysis of the competitive interactions among TNFR2, TNF-α, and the therapeutic antibody Adalimumab, enabling rapid and multiparametric cytokine assessment. Furthermore, the NasRED assay is explored for detecting TNF-α in the presence of both Adalimumab and anti-drug antibody (ADA), modeling drug resistance scenarios during long-term therapy. This proof of principle study establishes a rapid, digital, and in-solution assay framework for cytokine and therapeutic monitoring in various biofluids and complex competitive environments, paving the way for improved understanding and management of inflammatory, autoimmune, oncological, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.