ArticleTherapeutic advances in medical oncology2026
OX40 transcriptomic expression and its association with immune checkpoints and clinical outcomes.
Article in Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Preclinical data suggests a potential role for OX40 agonists in cancer treatment, though clinical trials have yielded modest results. Objectives: We assessed OX40 and other immune checkpoint RNA expression in advanced solid malignancies and their clinical outcomes. Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing tissue samples from 514 cancer patients. Methods: Immune marker transcripts were evaluated using a clinical-grade laboratory test. OX40 expression was normalized, and percentiles ranked as "moderate/low" (0-74) or "high" (75-100). Results: High OX40 expression was found in 24% of tumors, primarily in esophageal, liver/bile duct, stomach, small intestine, and lung cancers. High OX40 was associated with increased expression of programmed death-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, and forkhead box P3 but did not predict overall survival in immunotherapy-naïve patients or outcomes post-immunotherapy. Conclusion: OX40 expression is heterogeneous and strongly associated with immunosuppressive checkpoints, potentially suggesting that effective use of OX40 agonists may depend on patient selection based on tumor immunomics.
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