ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Multi-target antidiabetic and organ-protective effects of a polyherbal ethanol extract in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: In diabetes mellitus conditions, hyperglycemia leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and β-cell dysfunction, and traditional pharmacotherapy targets only a single pathway, which gives suboptimal outcomes and drug-related problems. A novel, polyherbal ethanol extract (PHE) formulation from Methods: Male Wistar rats were made diabetic using intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and randomly segregated into five groups: Normal, STZ-induced diabetic, STZ + PHE (200 mg/kg/day), Normal + PHE, and STZ + metformin (Met; 300 mg/kg/day). After 8 weeks of treatment, FBG, HbA1c, insulin, lipid profile, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), oxidative stress biomarkers, and liver function markers were determined. Histological examination was performed on liver and pancreatic tissues with H&E staining, along with assessment of pancreatic insulin immunoreactivity. GC-MS analysis was conducted to characterize the phytochemical constituents of PHE. Results: PHE treatment significantly reduced FBG by 33%, HbA1c by 15%, and restored serum insulin levels (+34%) versus untreated diabetics (p < 0.05). Dyslipidemia was corrected, with LDL-C reduced by 30% and HDL-C increased by 46%. Hepatic ALT and AST levels were also attenuated after PHE treatment. Oxidative stress was alleviated, and TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the liver and pancreas were markedly suppressed. Histology showed preserved hepatocyte integrity and islet morphology, and immunohistochemistry confirmed improved β-cell integrity and enhanced insulin immunoreactivity. Conclusion: The polyherbal preparation produced impressive control over glycemia, strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and protection of liver and pancreatic architecture. These effects translate into its potential as a phytotherapeutic candidate for safely managing diabetes and its complications, warranting further molecular and clinical research.
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