ReviewPublic health nursing (Boston, Mass.)
The Urban-Rural Continuum and Child Health: Influence of Residential Location on Ultra-Processed Food Consumption, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Biomarkers.
Review in Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between residential location-urban area and urban expansion area and sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and clinical-metabolic outcomes among schoolchildren aged 6 to 9 years in the municipality of Rio das Ostras, Brazil.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 420 students from public municipal schools. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected using validated questionnaires (QUADA-3 and QUAFDA). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical analyses were conducted. Associations were assessed using Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression models, both crude and adjusted for age, sex, maternal and paternal education, and household income.were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
findingsChildren living in urban expansion areas had lower paternal education levels (p = 0.021) and were less likely to engage in active commuting to school (2.4% vs. 42.6%; p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in excess weight, physical activity scores, or ultra-processed food consumption between the two groups. However, children from urban expansion areas showed a higher prevalence of prediabetes (OR = 0.133; 95% CI = 0.045-0.358; p < 0.001), elevated total cholesterol (OR = 0.423; p = 0.007), low HDL-c (OR = 0.324; p < 0.001), elevated LDL-c (OR = 0.304; p < 0.001), and elevated triglycerides (OR = 0.484; p = 0.029).
conclusionsResiding in urban expansion areas was associated with worse clinical-metabolic outcomes among schoolchildren, independent of nutritional status, physical activity, and ultra-processed food consumption. These findings highlight the need for intersectoral and place-based policies to promote healthier environments for children in territories undergoing urbanization.
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