ArticleFlorence Nightingale journal of nursing2026
Effects of Pesticide Exposure on Cognitive Functions in Agricultural Workers: A Systematic Review.
Article in Florence Nightingale journal of nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this systematic review was to explore how pesticide exposure affected agricultural workers' cognitive abilities.
methodsA comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EBSCOhost/CINAHL Complete databases for relevant literature covering the period from 2014 to 2024. The Preferred Reporting Elements for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was followed. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. The review protocol was registered in the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) [CRD42024498818].
resultsIn total, 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Most of the included studies showed that agricultural workers' cognitive abilities were negatively impacted by pesticide exposure. This was particularly associated with problems in language, visual memory, complex attention, and perceptual-motor functions. On the other hand, a few included studies found that pesticide exposure had no negative effect or only a limited effect on cognitive functions. This was due to confounding factors such as age, education level, and pesticide exposure time.
conclusionAgricultural workers were more at risk for health problems due to the long-term neurotoxic effects of pesticide exposure on the central and peripheral nervous systems. To protect the health and safety of agricultural workers, these effects should be investigated in more detail in future studies, protective measures should be promoted, and training programs should be planned. Moreover, the focus should be on targeting agricultural workers who are older, have lower levels of education, and have longer exposure to pesticides. Cite this article as: Karabıyık, I. H., & Ilgaz, A. (2026). Effects of pesticide exposure on cognitive functions in agricultural workers: A systematic review. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 34, 0227, doi: 10.5152/FNJN.2026.25227.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.