A Calibrated Modelling Approach for Predicting Dry Friction Wear of Copper-Free Composite Friction Materials.

Grzegorz Mieczkowski, Andrzej Borawski, Dariusz Szpica

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Grzegorz MieczkowskiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45A Wiejska Str., 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8090-1671

Andrzej BorawskiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45A Wiejska Str., 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5817-655X

Dariusz SzpicaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45A Wiejska Str., 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7813-8291

Funding

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Bialystok University of Technology WZ/WM-IIM/3/2026

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents a calibrated modelling approach for predicting the abrasive wear of copper-free composite friction materials. Four formulations were analysed, including a copper-containing reference material and three experimental compositions in which copper was replaced by different aluminium/polytetrafluoroethylene ratios. Dry ball-cratering tests were performed to determine the apparent wear-rate coefficient under controlled laboratory conditions. The copper-containing reference material showed the lowest wear-rate coefficient,

Indexed as

brake padscopper-free compositesdry wearfriction materialspredictive modelling

Identifiers

PMID42451911

DOI10.3390/ma19132831

PMCPMC13362694

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.