ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Long-Term Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microbial Analysis in a SNAD-Based MBBR at Room Temperature.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In recent years, the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) process has attracted considerable attention due to its advantages such as low energy consumption and low sludge production. This study investigated the long-term performance and microbial mechanisms of a single-stage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) employing the SNAD process for treating real domestic sewage at room temperature. A pre-carbon adsorption unit (reactor A) reduced the influent C/N ratio from 5.68:1 to 3.13:1, enabling efficient nitrogen removal in reactor B. Results demonstrated that dissolved oxygen (DO) and C/N ratio critically influenced system performance. At DO ~0.3 mg/L, stable SNAD operation achieved 65% total nitrogen (TN) removal, with synergistic contributions from partial nitrification, anammox, and heterotrophic denitrification. Elevated C/N ratios (4.71:1) reduced TN removal by ~30%, linked to decreased abundances of anammox bacteria. Microbial analysis revealed
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