Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42451645›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Novasomal Gel for Enhanced Dermal Delivery and Antibacterial Efficacy of Cinnamic Acid.

Rana Alanazi, Shahad Althumali, Abeer Albalawi, Ghala Alqubaydhi, Mona Qushawy, Ayman Salama, Mona F Arafa, Helal F Hetta, Yasmin N Ramadan, Yasmin Mortagi and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rana AlanaziPharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Shahad AlthumaliPharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Abeer AlbalawiPharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Ghala AlqubaydhiPharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Mona QushawyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-8733-1168
Ayman SalamaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0005-7946-4477
Mona F ArafaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Helal F HettaDivision of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Yasmin N RamadanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt.ORCID 0009-0008-7374-9334
Yasmin MortagiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Alarish North Sinai 45511, Egypt.
Ghareb M SolimanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9674-1254

Funding

University of Tabuk S-2024-0179
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While bacterial skin infections are highly prevalent worldwide, their eradication with conventional topical medications remains highly challenging. Cinnamic acid (CA) is a naturally occurring molecule with interesting antibacterial properties, but its efficacy is hindered by poor aqueous solubility and skin permeability. To overcome these challenges, CA was encapsulated within novasomes, which are multilamellar vesicles composed of fatty acids, cholesterol, and nonionic surfactants. The novasomes were optimized using a 2

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsCinnamatesDrug Delivery SystemsSkinAdministration, CutaneousAnimalsDrug CarriersDrug LiberationEscherichia coliGelsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsParticle SizePermeabilityRatsRheologySkin AbsorptionAnti-Bacterial AgentsCinnamatescinnamic acidDrug CarriersGelsantibacterial efficacybacterial skin infectioncinnamic acidnovasomesskin permeability

Identifiers

PMID42451645
PMCPMC13363429

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.