Optimization of Piezoelectric Materials and Ultrasound Imaging Transducers via Alternating Current Poling.

Yilei Li, Hao Wang, Ke Zhu, Chenyang Zheng, Jinpeng Ma, Enwei Sun, Xudong Qi, Rui Zhang

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yilei LiFunctional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

Hao WangFunctional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

Ke ZhuFunctional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

Chenyang ZhengFunctional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

Jinpeng MaFunctional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.ORCID 0009-0007-5265-3109

Enwei SunFunctional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

Xudong QiKey Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150025, China.

Rui ZhangFunctional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

Funding

the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province ZD2025H006the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2024YFB3211800the National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82527807

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical ultrasound imaging relies heavily on ultrasound transducers, whose properties directly determine transducer performance. Alternating current poling (ACP) serves as a domain engineering platform to enhance the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric single crystals, ceramics, and piezocomposites compared to conventional direct current poling (DCP). Although several reviews cover the microscopic mechanisms of ACP, researchers have not yet systematically analyzed these materials from the perspective of device applications. This mini-review focuses on the impact of ACP on transducer performance, analyzing the relationship between material properties and device performance in ultrasound imaging transducers. We systematically evaluate the optimization efficacy of ACP across different piezoelectric material forms and bridge the gaps between material parameters and device metrics such as bandwidth and sensitivity. Finally, this review discusses the engineering challenges, structural design synergies, and future trends of ACP-based transducers.

Indexed as

alternating current polingdomain engineeringelectromechanical propertiespiezocompositespiezoelectric materialsrelaxor ferroelectric single crystalsultrasound imaging transducers

Identifiers

PMID42451533

DOI10.3390/s26134292

PMCPMC13364390

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.