ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
On-Chip Mid-Infrared Wavefront Sensing Based on Vectorial Photocurrent Manipulation.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Wavefront sensing (WFS) is fundamental to adaptive optics, astronomical observation, biological microscopy, and free-space optical communications. However, conventional approaches-including Shack-Hartmann sensors, shearing interferometers, and transport of intensity equation-based methods-are inherently limited by trade-offs among spatial sampling density, angular dynamic range, and device compactness and have rarely been extended to the mid-infrared range. Here, we propose an on-chip mid-infrared wavefront sensing scheme operating based on vectorial photocurrent manipulation and analyze the properties of the proposed device through finite-element simulations. The proposed device comprises a hexagonal array of antenna-integrated graphene pixels, each equipped with three contacts and a microlens. Based on the antenna-induced vectorial photocurrent manipulation, angle-dependent absorption is translated into photocurrent signals, potentially enabling unambiguous recovery of both the elevation and azimuth angles of the incident light over an effective angular dynamic range of ±28°. The hexagonal layout provides a high spatial sampling density of 11,547 mm
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