Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42450745›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026

Optimal Combination of Glycine, Asparagine, and Phenylalanine Promotes α-Casein Synthesis and Secretion in MAC-T Cells Through Activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway.

Xinyu Zhang, Yu Ding, Min Yang, Ruoshan Luo, Yang Yang, Hang Zhang, Wanping Ren, Liang Yang, Yong Wei, Yankun Zhao and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xinyu ZhangXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yu DingXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Min YangXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Ruoshan LuoXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yang YangXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Hang ZhangXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Wanping RenXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Liang YangXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7852-1760
Yong WeiXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yankun ZhaoAgricultural Products Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Urumqi) and Xinjiang Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830052, China.
Tongjun GuoFeed Research Institute, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Urumqi 830052, China.
Wei ShaoXinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat and Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 2022D01D10Supported by the earmarked fund for XARS XARS-11-07
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Efficient milk protein synthesis in dairy cows, particularly casein production, is crucial for milk quality but has low nitrogen conversion efficiency. This study aimed to determine whether an optimal ratio of glycine, asparagine, and phenylalanine could synergistically promote α-casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and to elucidate its mechanism via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Single-factor experiments and response surface central composite design were conducted to determine the optimal amino acid combination. α-Casein synthesis was measured by ELISA, gene expression by RT-qPCR, and protein phosphorylation by Western blot. A PI3K-specific inhibitor (LY294002) was used in a blocking experiment to validate the involvement of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Results: The optimal ratio was 9.898 mmol/L glycine, 7.014 mmol/L asparagine, and 5.865 mmol/L phenylalanine (molar ratio 1.69:1.20:1.00). This combination significantly increased α-casein synthesis and secretion compared to any single amino acid (

Indexed as

asparagineglycineMAC-T cellsphenylalaninePI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathwayα-casein

Identifiers

PMID42450745
PMCPMC13359911

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.