ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Effects of Sodium Butyrate on Sperm Function and Protein Acetylation in Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Boar Spermatozoa.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sodium butyrate (NaBu), a short-chain fatty acid and histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been reported to influence protein acetylation and cellular function; however, its effects on boar spermatozoa remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of NaBu on sperm function and global protein acetylation in fresh after 24 h storage and frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. Semen samples collected from boars (n = 4), with three ejaculates per boar, were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 mM NaBu, stored for 24 h at 17 °C, and subsequently cryopreserved. Sperm motility, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane integrity, apoptosis-like changes, and chromatin status were assessed using CASA, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy, whereas global protein acetylation was assessed by Western blotting. In fresh semen after 24 h storage, NaBu did not significantly affect the evaluated sperm functional parameters, whereas frozen-thawed spermatozoa showed significant changes in selected functional parameters, particularly total and progressive motility at 0.5 mM. Selected mitochondrial membrane potential parameters were also affected in frozen-thawed samples, while membrane integrity, apoptosis-like changes, and chromatin status remained largely unaffected. NaBu did not significantly alter global protein acetylation levels in either fresh after 24 h storage or frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Considerable inter-individual variability between boars was observed. These findings indicate that NaBu may affect selected in vitro functional properties of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa; however, the observed functional changes were not associated with detectable statistically significant changes in global protein acetylation under the conditions tested. Further studies are needed to determine whether specific acetylated proteins, metabolic pathways, or stress-response mechanisms are involved.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.