ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Beyond Routine Ultrasonography: Peri-Insemination Biomarkers in Relation to Reproductive Competence in Warmblood Mares.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Efficient reproductive management in mares relies on the accurate assessment of periovulatory status; however, routine ultrasonographic parameters cannot fully reflect underlying reproductive competence. The aim of this study was to evaluate hormonal (estradiol), inflammatory (IL-6), and clinical (follicle size, uterine edema, age, parity) biomarkers in relation to pregnancy outcome in mares and to assess whether these parameters may provide additional information alongside routine transrectal ultrasonographic evaluation. A total of 31 mares were examined. Estradiol concentration, follicle size, uterine edema score, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration were assessed 24 h prior to insemination. Pregnancy outcomes were determined 14 days post ovulation. Statistical analysis included non-parametric tests and correlation analysis. Estradiol concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant compared to non-pregnant mares (
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