Are RNA Therapies a Solid Foundation or a Frontier Yet to Be Conquered?

The identification of microRNAs (miRNAs) has resulted in significant advancements in research, particularly regarding their utilization as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This has generated enthusiasm for exploring the potential of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in treating cancer and other diseases, with miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) showing particular promise. Over the past twelve years, there has been significant research into RNA-based treatments. Antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs are the most commonly used. Certain products have received Federal and Drug Administration approval. Notably, the findings from clinical trials have been inconsistent, with certain investigations indicating notable effectiveness and others reporting only minimal efficacy or safety concerns. Consequently, clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the efficacy of novel treatment options, including antimiRNAs, in addressing these challenges. There is an increasing interest in the use of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-based therapies. The potential for drugs developed using this technology is significant. Significant advancements in preclinical and clinical trials have emerged, indicating promising potential for future developments. MiRNAs are playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and prediction of acute coronary syndrome manifestations. Its utilization, whether as a comprehensive approach or in conjunction with existing biomarkers, may be implemented in the foreseeable future, especially in instances of uncertainty regarding diagnosis. The primary objective of this review is to deliver a thorough and detailed assessment of recent progress in the field of microRNA detection and characterization. A key focus of this assessment will be on their clinical translation. Secondly, an exploration of the prevailing knowledge in the field of RNA therapies as potential targets for diagnosis and treatment in the cardiovascular system will be conducted. The most recent challenges and perspectives on the road to clinical application are presented herein. The aim of the present seminar is to furnish a thorough report on the recent advancements in the detection and characterization of miRNAs and lncRNAs, with specific emphasis on their clinical translation. In summary, the paper herein presents an exploration of the most recent challenges and perspectives on the road to clinical application.