ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Role of IL-12 Levels in Diagnosing Tuberculosis Among People Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis (HIV/TB) coinfection remains a major global health challenge. Immune dysregulation in HIV complicates TB diagnosis. The type of immune response mounted in tuberculosis is a key determinant in deciding the outcome of the infection. Hence, estimating immune markers is critical for developing diagnostic, monitoring and treatment approaches. A study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic potential of host-based biomarkers in individuals with HIV/TB coinfection in comparison to HIV monoinfection receiving antiretroviral therapy. Host-based biomarkers were quantified using commercially available kits. Receiver operated curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine diagnostic performance. Routine investigations showed significantly raised ratios of neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets-to-lymphocytes and alkaline phosphatase levels in HIV/TB coinfection (AUC values > 0.76). Plasma galectin-9 and osteopontin levels had an AUC > 0.8. IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12 levels were also significantly raised (AUC values > 0.95) while levels of GM-CSF and IL-6 were significantly low in HIV TB coinfection. The ROC analysis revealed the highest diagnostic accuracy of IL-12, indicating its potential as an adjunct immunological biomarker in identifying TB among HIV-infected individuals. However, a large-scale prospective study is required to confirm the findings and to understand their role in predicting the development of tuberculosis disease in people living with HIV.
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